[UE][번역] 언리얼5 렌더링 플로우 총정리(2024) 기초편 - 5 (PostProcess/Upscale)

요약

포스트 프로세스

• 렌더링된 이미지에 다양한 효과 적용
• UE의 포스트 프로세스 처리 순서는 소스코드에 정의되어 고정됨
• View Geometry -> DOF -> TSR -> Motion Blur -> Bloom -> Tonemapper -> UI -> Backbuffer Resolution

사용자 정의 포스트 프로세스

• Post Process Material:
  • 노드 기반 포스트 이펙트 제작 가능
  • Blendable Location으로 적용 시점 지정
• UE5.5부터 멀티패스 포스트 프로세스 지원

TSR (Temporal Super Resolution)

• 저해상도 렌더링 후 이전 프레임 정보로 고해상도 업스케일
• 성능 향상: 네이티브 4K(57.33ms) → 1080p에서 TSR로 4K 업스케일(26.08ms)
• 작동 방식:
  • 내부 해상도가 낮을수록 수렴에 더 많은 프레임 필요
  • 프레임레이트가 낮으면 수렴 시간 증가 (30fps는 60fps의 2배 시간 소요)
• 제약사항:
  • 화면 급격한 움직임 시 흐림 발생 가능
  • 렌더링과 무관한 부분에서 처리 지연 시에도 흐림 발생
• stat tsr 명령어: TSR의 수렴 시간과 깜빡임, 지연 등의 지표 확인

GPU 벤더 특화 업스케일 대안

• AMD FSR: AMD 그래픽 카드 최적화 업스케일
• NVIDIA DLSS: NVIDIA 그래픽 카드 최적화 업스케일
• GPU가 고정된 환경에서는 이러한 대안 고려 가능

---

Post Process + Upscale 과정

 

Post Process Material

 

TSR

 

발표 자료 내 링크

 

• Path Tracer
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/path-tracer-in-unreal-engine
• Forward Shading
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/forward-shading-renderer-in-unreal-engine?application_version=5.5
• Visibility & Occlusion Culling
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/visibility-and-occlusion-culling-in-unreal-engine
• Mesh Drawing Pipeline
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/mesh-drawing-pipeline-in-unreal-engine
• LOD: Static Mesh
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/creating-and-using-lods-in-unreal-engine
• LOD: Skeletal Mesh
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/skeletal-mesh-lods-in-unreal-engine
• Platform-specific LOD
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/per-platform-lods?application_version=5.5
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/optimizing-lod-screen-size-per-platform-in-unreal-engine?application_version=5.5
• Texture Streaming
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/texture-streaming-overview-for-unreal-engine
• Streaming Virtual Texturing
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/streaming-virtual-texturing-in-unreal-engine
• Nanite
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/nanite-virtualized-geometry-in-unreal-engine#nanite
• Material Basics
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/essential-unreal-engine-material-concepts
• Shading Models
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/shading-models-in-unreal-engine
• PBR Materials
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/physically-based-materials-in-unreal-engine
• Derived Data Cache
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/using-derived-data-cache-in-unreal-engine
• Lighting Types & Mobility
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/light-types-and-their-mobility-in-unreal-engine
• Hardware Ray Tracing
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/en-us/unreal-engine/hardware-ray-tracing-in-unreal-engine#raytracedambientocclusion
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/hardware-ray-tracing-in-unreal-engine
• MegaLights (UE5.5 Experimental)
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/en-us/unreal-engine/megalights-in-unreal-engine
• Lumen (Global Illumination & Reflections)
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/lumen-global-illumination-and-reflections-in-unreal-engine?application_version=5.5
• Reflections Environment
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/reflections-environment-in-unreal-engine
• Post Process
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/post-process-effects-in-unreal-engine
• Post Process Materials
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/post-process-materials-in-unreal-engine
• Temporal Super Resolution (TSR)
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/temporal-super-resolution-in-unreal-engine
• UE5.5 Release Notes
  https://dev.epicgames.com/documentation/ko-kr/unreal-engine/unreal-engine-5.5-release-notes#lumen

 

• 4個の勘所 [CEDEC+KYUSHU 2023]
  https://www.docswell.com/s/EpicGamesJapan/58GDN9-2023-12-11-035814
• Lightmass 解説
  https://www.docswell.com/s/EpicGamesJapan/K6GLEZ-lightmass
  https://www.docswell.com/s/EpicGamesJapan/56GGPK-UE4_LightmassDD2018_Algorithm
• Nanite Deep Dive (SIGGRAPH 2021)
  https://advances.realtimerendering.com/s2021/Karis_Nanite_SIGGRAPH_Advances_2021_final.pdf
• MipMap 개요 및 참고
  https://effect.hatenablog.com/entry/MipmapBasis
  https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ミップマップ
  https://black-yuzunyan.lolipop.jp/archives/3549
  https://effect.hatenablog.com/entry/2022/12/30/133157
• Texture Compression
  https://effect.hatenablog.com/entry/2014/10/07/014037
  https://historia.co.jp/archives/26794/
• CG World UE5 Toon Shader
  https://cgworld.jp/regular/202311-ue5toon-04.html
• DDC 활용 팁
  https://historia.co.jp/archives/9294/
  https://qiita.com/EGJ-Yutaro_Sawada/items/a3744cf3ee9586dc9608
• Shader Compile 관련
  https://forums.unrealengine.com/t/unrealbuildaccelerator-uba/1826434
• Hardware Raytracing 정리
  https://qiita.com/EGJ-Nori_Shinoyama/items/caf3e83521b325770662
• ShadowMap / VSM 설명
  https://qiita.com/EGJ-Nori_Shinoyama/items/4a2e84dd1d3448e81bed
  https://qiita.com/EGJ-Yutaro_Sawada/items/2a8a1467ebaaa9795fe0
• Translucency 관련 이슈 정리
  https://qiita.com/com04/items/c95a5e1c853a2d4b03a3
  https://qiita.com/yorung/items/a2a7a1c8ad8366d39d4b
• Niagara 최적화 발표 (CEDEC 2023)
  https://www.docswell.com/s/EpicGamesJapan/KRX9X2-UE5_CEDEC2023_Niagara#p86
• Stylized PostProcess
  https://www.docswell.com/s/leon-gameworks/Z7REY2-2024-10-20-135701#p1
  https://unrealengine.hatenablog.com/entry/2022/08/27/162658